Brick Laying 101

Laying Brick for an Exterior Foundation: A Step-by-Step Guide

Building a solid and durable exterior foundation is crucial for any construction project, be it a new home or an addition. Among various methods, laying brick for an exterior foundation stands out for its aesthetic appeal and strength. Here’s a comprehensive guide to help you lay brick for an exterior foundation effectively and efficiently.

1. Planning and Preparation

1.1. Design and Blueprint

Before you begin, ensure you have a clear design and blueprint of the foundation. This should include the dimensions, brick pattern, and any special requirements. Consult with an architect or structural engineer if needed to ensure your plans meet local building codes and regulations.

1.2. Gather Materials and Tools

You'll need the following materials:

• Bricks

• Mortar mix

• Reinforcement bars (rebar) if required

• Damp-proof membrane

• Sand and gravel (for mixing mortar)

• Water

• Tooling trowel

• Bricklaying trowel

• Level

• String line

• Brick hammer

• Spacers

1.3. Site Preparation

Prepare the foundation site by clearing debris, leveling the ground, and marking the foundation’s layout. Excavate to the required depth and make sure the base is compacted and level.

2. Laying the Foundation

2.1. Setting Up a Base

Lay a layer of gravel or crushed stone at the base of the excavation to aid drainage and provide a stable footing. Install a damp-proof membrane on top to prevent moisture from seeping through.

2.2. Laying the First Course

1. Mixing Mortar: Prepare a mortar mix according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The consistency should be like peanut butter—thick enough to hold its shape but not too dry.

2. Setting the Corner Bricks: Start by laying the corner bricks. Ensure they are level and plumb using a spirit level. These will act as your guide for the rest of the foundation.

3. Laying Additional Bricks: Use a string line stretched between the corner bricks to maintain a straight and level course. Apply mortar to the brick's edge and lay it in place, pressing it firmly against the mortar bed. Use the level frequently to check for evenness.

4. Cutting Bricks: As you reach the end of a course, you might need to cut bricks to fit. Use a brick hammer or a masonry saw to make precise cuts.

2.3. Mortar Joints

1. Mortar Application: Apply mortar to both the brick and the surface it will rest on. Use the trowel to spread it evenly and ensure a solid bond.

2. Tooling Joints: After laying a course, use a jointing tool to smooth and shape the mortar joints. This helps to ensure a tight seal and improves the foundation’s appearance.

3. Reinforcement and Finishing

3.1. Reinforcing

Depending on local building codes and the design of your foundation, you may need to incorporate reinforcement bars (rebar) into the mortar. Place them horizontally and vertically within the mortar to add strength and stability.

3.2. Curing

Allow the mortar to cure properly. This typically involves keeping the bricks damp for a few days to prevent the mortar from drying out too quickly. Curing helps the mortar achieve maximum strength.

3.3. Cleaning Up

Once the mortar is set and cured, clean any excess mortar off the bricks and check for any gaps or inconsistencies. Reapply mortar or touch up as needed to ensure a smooth and finished appearance.

4. Inspection and Final Steps

4.1. Inspect Your Work

Carefully inspect the entire foundation for any issues such as uneven courses, gaps, or structural concerns. Address any problems promptly to ensure the longevity of your foundation.

4.2. Final Touches

Apply any final touches or sealants as required. This may include weatherproofing or painting the bricks to match the aesthetic of your building.